Part 3 – Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Sophists and Sophistry

The first period of ancient Greek philosophy, characterized as pre-Socratic, concerns man’s truly agonizing effort to define the “First Principle” and the “Basic Essence” of the world’s existence.

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Part 3 – Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Sophists and Sophistry

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Course Fees: 45,3 €

MODULE 3: Gorgias

The first period of ancient Greek philosophy, characterized as pre-Socratic, concerns man’s truly agonizing effort to define the “First Principle” and the “Basic Essence” of the world’s existence.

The various phenomena of the sensible world, which since ancient times have been called nature, characterizing the continuous genesis and decay of the material world, constitutes the distinct object of Greek philosophy throughout the pre-Socratic period.

The question that arises, from where come all that happens on land, sea and sky, in the life of plants, animals and every living being, is a matter of intense concern to human thought at the dawn of existing civilization.

This paves the way for the initial problems of the sciences, which arise, while the Greek philosophy of the time undertakes to answer the great questions of Nature and the world.

Thales inaugurates cosmological research, with water as the basic principle of things.

Anaximander tries to explain the infinite…

Anaximenes explains the air.

Heraclitus explains that fire is the eternal principle.

Xenophanes identifies the beginning of the world with divinity.

Parmenides makes his dogma the unified principle of “being”.

Empedocles accepts the four forms of “being”, i.e. the four basic elements : Earth, Water, Fire, Air!

The epic philosophy of the pre-Socratics draws up the principles of pneumatocracy and positivism.

Anaxagoras discovers the “Mind”, Democritus and Leucippus the atom. The darkness of ignorance is covered.

Biography

Professor Stanley Sfekas was born in the United States. After receiving his B.A. in Philosophy and English from the University of Maryland, he went on to obtain both his M.A. and Ph.D. in Philosophy from New York University. His doctoral dissertation is titled The Problem of Individuation in Aristotelian Metaphysics.

Professor Stanley Sfekas has taught in various institutions of higher education including Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, The New York Institute of Technology, George Washington University in Washington D.C., and the American College of Southeastern Europe.

Professor Stanley Sfekas has also published scholarly articles and books and has been a critic for the American Philosophical Association and several international journals. He has been the book critic for the international journal, Philosophical Inquiry. He has also been the educational advisor to the Fulbright Foundation in Greece.

As a public lecturer in the Athenian academic community, Sfekas has delivered over 150 public lectures since 1986 and frequently appeared on Greek television as an academic spokesman.

Apart from his scholarly publications, he has translated, between 1995 and the present, the scripts of seven historical films and 35 archaeological documentaries. He was also the philosophical consultant to various television productions.

Professor Stanley Sfekas appeared in 12 televised episodes of the documentary program From Aristotle to Hawking, a Paul Pissanos Production, speaking on Aristotle and Ancient Greek Cosmology. The series that has been translated and distributed globally was nominated by members of the Academy of Athens for the 2008 Templeton Prize. Professor Sfekas is the translator of the series from Greek into English.

PUBLICATIONS

  • 1986 “Aristotle’s Principle of Individuation” published inApeiron, Monash University, Australia.
  • 1990 “Aristotle on Individuation” published in Deucalion, Athens, Greece.
  • 1990 Solicited book review for the American Philosophical Association.

Published in the APANewsletter on Computer Use, Law, Medicine, Teaching.

Volume 89:3, «The Wake of Imagination” by Richard Kearney, University of Minnesota Press, 1989.

  • 1991 “Ousia, substratum, and matter.” In: Philosophical inquiry, 13 (1991): 38-47.
  • 1992 Book review forPhilosophical Inquiry: International Quarterly of The End of Life: The Case for Euthanasia, by J. Rachels, Oxford University Press
  • 1992-1994 Book review editor forPhilosophical Inquiry: International quarterly. Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • 1994 Official translator and philosophical consultant of screenplay for film and international television series: Orpheus and Eurydice starring Oliver Reed, produced by P. Pissanos Co. World Premiere: Nov. 8, 1997, London Film Festival .
  • 1995 Adaptation of screenplay (Greek-English) and philosophical consultant for film and television series: The Gods of Olympus, produced by P. Pissanos Co.
  • 1996 Adaptation of screenplay (Greek-English) and philosophical consultant for film and television series: Deucalion’s Flood, a Pissanos production.
  • 1996 “Aristotle’s Principle of Individuation”, published inDeucalion, edited by Kitsopoulos.
  • 1997 Adaptation of screenplay and philosophical consultant for film and television series: Alexander the Great, a Pissanos production.
  • 1997 Orpheus and Eurydice by Stanley Sfekas, a book adapted from the film starring Oliver Reed.
  • 1998-1999 Adaptation of narrative (Greek-English) and philosophical consultant for a series of archaeological documentaries on Greece for cinematic and television historical productions referred to below under the auspices of the European Union Cultural Commission (Pissanos productions).
  1. THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS
  2. THE PARTHENON
  3. THE ACROPOLIS MUSEUM
  4. THE ANCIENT AGORA
  5. THE ROMAN AGORA
  6. THE TEMPLE OF POSEIDON
  7. THE ISLE OF AEGINA
  8. THE PARTHENON MARBLES
  9. THE FIREWALKERS
  10. EPIDAURUS
  11. THE TOMB OF AGAMMEMNON
  12. VISITING CORINTH
  13. ANCIENT OLYMPIA
  14. THE ORACLE AT DELPHI
  15. THE DELPHI MUSEUM
  16. MOUNT OLYMPUS
  17. A WALKING TOUR OF THE PLAKA
  18. EARLY GREEK COSMOLOGY [2000]
  19. FROM ARISTOTLE TO HAWKING [2001]
  20. EARLY GREEK MATHEMATICS [2002]
  21. ALEXANDER THE GREAT [2003]
  22. OLYMPIAD: 448 B.C. [2003]
  • 2004: Articles in the periodicalBusiness Partner, published by the American-Hellenic Chamber of Commerce:
  1. Ethical Guidelines
  2. Corporate Responsibility
  • 2004: Translation of cosmological work “Το Επόμενο Βήμα της Δημιουργίας” by Ioannis Tsatsaris; Epistos Publishing Company: The Next Step of Creation (Greek to English). Submitted to Vantage Press.
  • 2004: Translation of “Η Συλλογή του Πορταλάκη” by George Armaos (Greek to English). The Portalakis Collection.
  • 2005-2006: Translation of documentary television series: From Aristotle tοHawking; released Fall 2006; 12 episodes of 30 minutes.
  • 2006: Translation of the book version of From Aristotle to Hawking. Interviewed on Aristotelian Cosmology in Documentary Series: From Aristotle to Hawking In 12 episodes.

• 2011: The Laws of the Universe in Earthly and Heavenly Life by Paul Pissanos.

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Part 3 - Pre-Socratic Philosophers - Sophists and Sophistry

1
Module 3 – Gorgias
2
Part 3 – Pre-Socratic Philosophers – Sophists and Sophistry
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